The agent loop: a reference architecture for marketing automation

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---
id: EL-006
title: "The agent loop: a reference architecture for marketing automation"
status: published
version: v1.3
series: ams
part: 1
tags: [Agents, Claude Code]
published: 2026-06-02
updated: 2026-09-18
abstract: >-
  Marketing teams meet LLMs through a chat window and rarely leave it. This paper describes the
  agent loop — a bounded cycle of plan, act, evaluate and revise over typed artifacts — and how to
  implement it with Claude Code so a team can trust, inspect and change it.
keywords: [marketing automation, LLM systems]
takeaways:
  - Replace one large prompt with small steps that each own a typed artifact.
  - Put an eval gate between drafting and human review; allow one revision, then escalate.
  - Version schemas, rubrics and prompts in the repo so every change is reviewable.
references:
  - 'Anthropic. “Building effective agents.” Engineering blog, 2024.'
  - 'Yao, S. et al. “ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Models.” ICLR, 2023.'
  - 'Shinn, N. et al. “Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learning.” NeurIPS, 2023.'
---

## Introduction

Most marketing teams meet large language models through a chat window. That is a fine place to start and a poor place to stay. This paper describes the [[agent-loop|agent loop]], the architecture I use to turn ad-hoc prompting into a system a team can rely on [1].[^1]

The aim is not autonomy for its own sake. It is to move the repeatable work of production — briefs, first drafts, variants, reporting — onto infrastructure that is observable, testable and cheap to change.

::definition{concept="agent-loop"}

## The problem with single prompts

The default pattern is one long prompt that researches, outlines, drafts, edits and enforces brand voice in a single call. It demos well and degrades quickly, for three reasons.

### Failure modes

- **Drift.** Output quality wanders as inputs vary, and there is no checkpoint to catch it.
- **Opacity.** When a draft is wrong, nobody can tell which part of the instruction caused it.
- **Coupling.** Changing tone rules risks breaking research or structure, because everything shares one context.

Reasoning-and-acting patterns address part of this by interleaving thought with tool use [2], but they do not on their own give a marketing team the seams it needs to review and improve the work.[^2]

:::table{caption="Single prompts, prompt chains and agent loops compared on the properties that matter to a marketing team."}
|                   | Single prompt | Prompt chain | Agent loop     |
| ----------------- | ------------- | ------------ | -------------- |
| Debuggability     | Low           | Medium       | High           |
| Brand consistency | Drifts        | Variable     | Gated by evals |
| Cost to change    | High          | Medium       | Low            |
| Setup time        | Minutes       | Hours        | Days           |
:::

## Architecture

The loop is boring on purpose. Each step does one job, produces one [[typed-artifact|typed artifact]], and hands it forward. Figure 1 shows the six steps.

:::steps{caption="The agent loop. Each box writes a typed artifact; the eval gate decides whether work advances, revises once, or escalates." highlight="04" footer="Failed evals return to 03 once, then escalate to a person."}
01 | Brief | Structured input
02 | Context | Retrieve & budget
03 | Draft | Subagent writes
04 | Eval gate | Score vs rubric
05 | Revise | One pass max
06 | Review | Human approves
:::

### Typed artifacts

Every request is converted into a [[brief-schema|brief schema]] before any agent runs. The schema is small, versioned in the repo, and validated on write. Free text never crosses a step boundary.

```yaml title="briefs/launch-q4.yaml"
id: launch-q4
audience: "Ops leaders at mid-market SaaS"
goal: "Book demos for the new reporting module"
channels: [linkedin, email, blog]
voice: brand/voice.md
constraints:
  - "No superlatives"
  - "Cite one customer metric"
```

### The eval gate

Between drafting and review sits an [[eval-gate|eval gate]]: a rubric-scored check that every draft must pass before a person sees it. Failed drafts get exactly one revision pass, informed by the failing criteria, then escalate [3].[^3]

> The goal was never to remove the marketer. It was to delete the busywork between their idea and a publishable draft.

## Implementation with Claude Code

In practice each step is a short, non-interactive Claude Code run with a narrow tool allowance. Larger jobs are split across [[subagent|subagents]] that each own one artifact.

```sh title="terminal"
$ claude -p "draft 3 LinkedIn posts from briefs/launch-q4.yaml" \
    --allowedTools "Read,Write" \
    --output-format json > drafts/launch-q4.json

$ pnpm eval drafts/launch-q4.json   # brand-voice gate
```

## Results

Across the teams I have deployed this with, the most consistent change is not speed but predictability: reviewers stop rewriting drafts and start editing them. Speed follows from that.[^4]

## Limitations & open questions

- **Rubric quality caps output quality.** A weak eval gate passes weak drafts with confidence.
- **Setup cost is front-loaded.** Schemas and evals take days to write before the first useful draft.
- **Open:** how far can escalation be reduced before review quality drops?

[^1]: Part 1 of the Agentic Marketing Systems series. Part 2 covers context budgets; Part 3 covers eval gates.
[^2]: “Seams” here means places where an artifact can be inspected, cached or replaced without touching the rest of the system.
[^3]: One pass is deliberate. Unbounded self-revision tends to converge on bland copy that satisfies the rubric and no reader.
[^4]: I report observations rather than benchmarks here; Part 3 includes a measured comparison.